For rural areas, CINAR‘s bio-electricity from local resources and for local use is another example of its research activities in the renewable energy sector. Bio-fuel derived from many sources (i.e., sawdust, agricultural waste, municipal waste, etc.) is used in both solid and gaseous forms to be burned in suspension, fluidised bed, or in internal combustion engines/gas turbine combustors. Extremely high substitution rates of the order of 80% have been achieved in various cement plants, utilising coconut shells, rice husk, sugar cane, mixed agricultural waste.